february 2, 2026, marks world wetlands day, an opportunity to recognize the vital role wetlands play in our environment and communities, and to celebrate the snyder team members who dedicate their careers to protecting these essential ecosystems. wetlands are among the most productive landscapes on earth. they support diverse plant and animal life, filter and store freshwater, and help protect communities from storms and flooding.

our environmental scientists apply their experience and field knowledge to projects that support wetland health and help guide responsible development. below, several team members share reflections on the projects that have influenced their careers and why this work continues to matter.

brett shelton
brett’s favorite project—the webster city certified site—gave them the opportunity to delineate a variety of wetlands, complete an ordinary high water mark assessment on the boone river, evaluate woodland habitat for potential threatened and endangered species, and submit a jurisdictional determination request to the army corps of engineers. for brett, environmental science has always been a way to put classroom concepts from biology, chemistry, agronomy, and ecology into practice. the ability to apply that knowledge outdoors, where the work directly shapes real landscapes, is what drew them to this career and keeps them engaged.

nichoel church
one of nichoel’s favorite recent projects involves stream improvements, a new parking lot, and replacing a culvert with a pedestrian bridge at the first unitarian church of des moines. after completing a stream assessment and walking the site with the client, the team designed improvements using best management practices and restoration techniques. they also completed a wetland and stream delineation and secured a 404 permit. the project is now out for bid, with construction observation planned for 2026, and the client is pursuing water quality funding to support the ecological benefits of the work. nichoel’s career path became clear in college when she realized she was happiest collecting data outdoors. splitting her time between fieldwork and the office allows her to keep learning from the landscapes she studies.

josh wilhelm
josh’s favorite project, at new melleray abbey, reflects his belief that the most diverse ecosystems are those allowed to function naturally. the project aims to create a stream mitigation bank using low‑tech restoration techniques, the first of its kind in iowa. after initial drone flights and wetland and stream delineations, the team began implementing strategies to attract beavers, including constructing beaver dam analogs and planting food sources. encouraging beaver activity will help raise the water table, create wetlands, slow flows, trap sediment and nutrients, and support a healthier, more diverse ecosystem while providing mitigation benefits for the client. josh’s career has always centered on work that improves the environment and the way people interact with it, and he’s happiest when he’s in and around water resources.

jeff walters
one of jeff’s favorite projects was the fourmile creek stormwater wetland, which involved wetland delineation, design, permitting, and construction of a new stormwater wetland within the fourmile creek watershed. he’s especially drawn to natural resource restoration work that improves water quality while creating habitat for native plants and wildlife.

work like this shows how wetland restoration contributes to the overall health of our landscapes. although wetlands make up a relatively small share of the earth’s surface, their impact reaches far beyond their boundaries. they help moderate climate patterns, support reliable water and food systems, and provide habitat for countless species, many of which depend on these environments entirely. yet these ecosystems continue to face pressure from pollution, land‑use changes, and a changing climate, leading to losses that outpace restoration efforts. world wetlands day serves as a reminder of how important these landscapes are to ecological health, and community wellbeing. we recognize and appreciate the consistent effort our team puts into conserving wetlands and supporting their continued health for years to come.

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communities across the midwest are facing a growing challenge: how to manage stormwater in ways that protect water quality, reduce flooding risks, and support sustainable growth. traditional drainage maps and isolated studies provide snapshots, but they often miss the bigger picture. to truly prepare for the future, cities need comprehensive, citywide stormwater modeling that connects engineering precision with long-term 2022世界杯32强预选赛 .

at snyder, stormwater work goes beyond the physical system. it’s about helping communities stay resilient. we use innovative approaches that connect water quality, 2022世界杯32强预选赛 , and regulatory requirements into a clear, unified process.

why citywide modeling matters

budget clarity: municipal budgets are tight, and stormwater needs can be one of the biggest unseen expenses. a full, citywide view helps leaders understand where to invest, avoid unexpected costs, and focus resources where they matter most. instead of scrambling during emergencies, they can plan upgrades thoughtfully and save both time and money.

resilient infrastructure: stormwater systems are interconnected. a bottleneck in one neighborhood can ripple downstream, causing flooding or water quality issues elsewhere. comprehensive modeling identifies vulnerabilities across the system, ensuring upgrades are coordinated and future-ready. we have helped communities design solutions that balance flood control with ecological health, from green infrastructure to advanced detention systems.

growth alignment: as cities grow, new development can put strain on older stormwater systems. a more connected, citywide modeling approach helps ensure growth strengthens rather than stresses local infrastructure. by looking ahead at how land use may change, planners can better align zoning, transportation, and utility decisions with stormwater capacity, reducing problems before they happen. transparent, data-driven 2022世界杯32强预选赛 builds trust with residents and stakeholders. when cities can show how stormwater modeling informs decisions, it demonstrates proactive management rather than reactive fixes.

moving beyond static maps

maps are useful, but they don’t change. stormwater modeling is different — it responds to shifting rainfall, climate trends, and new development. when cities move beyond static maps, they gain a living tool that grows with them. this shift is crucial for budgeting because it turns stormwater 2022世界杯32强预选赛 from a hidden expense into a smart, forward‑looking investment.

our approach

our stormwater practice blends technical expertise with practical solutions. we design models that not only meet regulatory requirements but also give city leaders useful tools for 2022世界杯32强预选赛 . whether it’s protecting water quality through thoughtful treatment practices, designing detention basins, or incorporating green infrastructure, our focus is on solutions that provide long‑term value.

the bottom line

comprehensive citywide stormwater modeling isn’t just about predicting where water goes, it’s about helping communities make smarter decisions, stretch their budgets, and plan for steady, sustainable growth. when cities look beyond static maps, they gain a tool that evolves with their needs and prepares them for both today’s challenges and tomorrow’s opportunities. we are proud to partner with communities across the midwest to provide the tools and insight needed to build a stronger future.

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understanding streambank erosion 

streambank erosion is a natural process, but when it accelerates due to human activity, weather extremes, and land use changes, erosion can threaten community infrastructure or buildings, degrade water quality, and impact ecosystems.

what does streambank erosion look like?

sloughing banks, bare soil, exposed tree roots, sediment in the water, and an overly widened channel are common signs of streambank erosion. unstable banks and downcutting often compromise nearby infrastructures such as roads, bridges, trails, and utilities, while sediment runoff deteriorates water quality and disrupts aquatic habitats downstream. additionally, bank erosion also deteriorates riparian habitat and access to water.

preventing erosion

the best approach to designing community assets (housing, commercial, parks, utilities, etc.) is to avoid impacts to natural resources that protect our watersheds: prairie, wetlands, floodplain, and streams. proactive communities adopt and enforce ordinances minimizing impacts to natural areas, such as stream buffer ordinances. stream restoration approaches also help maintain healthy riparian zones and manage stormwater.

how is it reduced?

we address streambank erosion by assessing our streams and combining engineering expertise with environmental science. depending on the site conditions and severity, our strategies to reduce erosion and improve channel stability may include:

• native plantings and live staking along the banks and in the floodplain
• rock structures such as bendway weirs or toe rock
• bank shaping to restore a more natural, stable slope
• constructing floodplain benches to reestablish connection between the stream and the 1.5 to 2 years floodplain
• remaindering or adding bends back into a straightened channel slows velocities
• out letting tile within the riparian buffer and letting tile water flow overland rather than out letting directly to a channel
• installing edge of field practices such as saturated buffers or bioreactors
• establishing riffles or other grade control structures to reduce streambed downcutting and slow water velocities
• utilizing beaver dam analogs

these strategies are designed to both protect infrastructure and enhance ecological functions. restoring natural stream functions and establishing riparian buffers builds long-term resilience against extreme weather events.

real-world solution in action: fourmile creek, central iowa

fourmile creek in spring 2025

one example of our long-term commitment to stream health is our work along fourmile creek in central iowa, where we partnered with the des moines metropolitan wastewater reclamation authority (wra), polk county conservation, and other local agencies to restore over 8,000 feet of severely eroded stream.

with the support of $4.2 million in srf sponsored project funding, our team designed and implemented cost-effective solutions, such as bendway weirs, toe rock, native buffers, and floodplain benches to stabilize streambanks, protect nearby sewer infrastructure, and improve water quality. this effort helped reduce sediment loads, enhance ecological function, and secure additional conservation land, reflecting the power of collaborative restoration to transform stream systems for lasting community and environmental benefit.

fourmile creek after construction in summer 2025

our team’s strategic 2022世界杯32强预选赛 and design efforts have improved not only fourmile creek, but also several other waterways, including sugar creek, buck creek, ioway creek, and the des moines river. each of these projects came with its own goals, landscapes, and technical considerations. by customizing our approach to the surrounding environment and community needs, we’ve supported long-term stream health , enhanced natural habitat, and contributed to more sustainable land and water management practices across the region.

whether we’re restoring rural streams or stabilizing urban creeks, our team delivers site-specific solutions that enhance environmental health while promoting 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 safety. we understand that healthy streams and buffers are an integral part of our communities, supporting everything from water quality and recreation to flood control and infrastructure protection. by reducing erosion within our waterways, we support the people, ecosystems, and neighborhoods that rely on them every day.

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while the sackett v. epa supreme court decision has forced the u.s. environmental protection agency (epa) and the u.s. army corps of engineers (usace) to revise their definition of waters of the u.s. (wotus), it will be business as usual for the environmental scientists at snyder & associates when completing wetland and stream delineations for our clients. the historic ruling decided that the clean water act (cwa) jurisdiction is limited to adjacent wetlands with a “continuous surface connection” to waterbodies recognized as waters of the united states. this narrower definition could make it more challenging to determine where a waterway ends and a wetland begins.

jeff walters, pws, and environmental sciences group leader at snyder & associates concedes, “the new wotus definition will certainly change the jurisdiction of specific wetlands without connectivity to relatively permanent waterways. however, our team still needs to complete environmental due diligence for our clients to ensure their projects are within the limits of the redefined law.” walters continues, “we complete wetland and stream delineations to provide baseline data to our clients and the u.s. army corps of engineers for their jurisdictional determination. understanding and interpreting the new rule is important because it formulates our opinion of jurisdiction when we write our reports, influencing the usace.”

through communications with several usace districts, nichoel church, pws, and environmental scientist with snyder & associates relays that “our contacts have consistently stated that while there will indeed be some changes to wotus jurisdiction, the usace still needs to receive and review delineations. this is important since the usace, in concert with the epa, provides jurisdictional determinations and permitting of projects with temporary and permanent wotus impacts.” church adds, “it’s not the responsibility of consultants or contractors to determine if potential wotus is jurisdictional. this responsibility still resides with the usace, and any impacts to wotus without a 404 permit will continue to result in applicants receiving cease and desist letters with possible enforcement penalties such as wotus restoration and fines.”

importance of wetland and stream delineations

in addition to informing the usace and clients, wetland and stream delineations provide baseline data for project managers to understand where wotus may be located within a project’s limits. this information is critical to understand so potential wotus impacts can be avoided or minimized. in a wetland delineation report, our environmental professionals document all wetland and stream features within a project area and provide an opinion on the jurisdiction of delineated features. ultimately, the usace regulatory branch determines jurisdiction using our wetland delineation report. usace also acts as the permitting agency that administers section 10 and section 404 of the cwa.

court decision impacts to permitting & determinations

at the crux of the sackett decision, the supreme court decided that a “significant nexus” is no longer a valid factor for determining wetland jurisdiction. significant nexus is the idea that a wetland must have a clear and substantial connection to larger bodies of water, like rivers and lakes, to fall under federal jurisdiction. previously, usace had to assess whether a waterbody significantly impacted the physical, chemical, or biological condition of traditional navigable waters to use this criterion.

now, the jurisdiction of the clean water act is limited to adjacent wetlands that are physically connected to other bodies of water on a relatively permanent basis. however, the exact meanings of “relatively permanent” and “adjacent” still need to be clarified by the epa and usace. until these definitions are established, and the updated wotus guidelines are officially published, there could be delays in obtaining permits and jurisdictional determinations. this means that now, more than ever, it’s crucial to consult with a trusted professional in the field before embarking on a project that might impact an affected waterway.

our environmental experts are here to help you take proactive steps to protect your projects and the environment.

client protection & satisfaction remains guiding principle

both walters and church confirmed that the usace is still accepting approved jurisdictional requests and permit applications; however, some of the submittals could be delayed as usace and the epa provide new definitions and guidance based on the sackett case. walters added, “in 20-plus years of completing wetland and stream delineations, i have worked through many supreme court rulings like sackett, including swancc v. usace and rapanos v. united states.

while the wotus definitions and interpretations have varied from case to case, our foundational goals have remained the same — complete the necessary delineation documentation to assist and protect our clients while maintaining our strong relationship with the usace.” before embarking on any project that could affect waterways, we urge you to consult with trusted experts who can provide guidance. at snyder & associates, we are committed to providing environmental due diligence and comprehensive wetland and stream delineations. we have a long history of navigating evolving regulations and are here to ensure your projects move forward effectively and in compliance with the law. don’t hesitate to reach out and take proactive steps to protect your projects and the environment.

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nutrient trading has emerged as a compelling solution to address the challenges posed by nutrient discharge into water sources. by incentivizing nutrient pollution reduction, nutrient trading fosters agricultural sustainability and opens new avenues for collaboration between farmers, regulators, and environmentalists. by staying at the forefront of emerging trends, the experts at snyder & associates can help explain the significance of nutrient trading, its environmental benefits, and the steps involved in setting up nutrient trading programs.

understanding the process of nutrient trading

understanding nutrient trading is crucial in the realm of environmental sustainability, particularly in the context of water quality management. nutrient trading is a market-based approach to reduce nutrient discharges, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, into water bodies. the concept promotes the idea that entities, such as farmers, wastewater treatment plants, and third-party representatives, can engage in a mutually beneficial relationship. nutrient trading works like this: farmers implement best management practices such as covering crops, reducing tillage, and using proper fertilizer management to minimize nutrient runoff, earning credit for the reductions achieved. these credits can then be traded with others, typically treatment plants or third-party representatives, that face challenges in meeting nutrient discharge limitations. this innovative system promotes sustainable farming practices and provides cost-effective solutions for wastewater treatment, further reinforcing a collaborative and economically viable approach to environmental conservation.

permit limits & motivation for trading nutrients 

environmental permits act as the first line of defense against nutrient pollution. these permits, issued to point sources like wastewater treatment plants and industrial facilities, come with specific limits on nutrient discharges. the intention is clear: control and reduce the levels of nitrogen and phosphorus entering our water ecosystems. while these permit limits are crucial for regulatory compliance, they also set the stage for a dynamic and market-driven approach to environmental stewardship. under the nutrient trading standard, facilities that successfully reduce their nutrient discharges below their permit limits can generate excess credits. these credits become valuable commodities that can be traded with others facing challenges in meeting their permit limits. it’s a win-win situation — environmentally responsible facilities benefit economically, while those struggling with compliance find a cost-effective path to meet regulatory requirements.

setting up nutrient trading programs

establishing a nutrient trading program involves collaboration between a city or wastewater treatment plant, regulatory bodies like the iowa dnr, and organizations specializing in nutrient trading. for example, iowa’s soil and water outcomes fund liaises between cities and local farmers, facilitating agreements and verifying nutrient reductions. the first step is to define clear permit limits for nutrient discharges, delineating the boundaries within which industries and wastewater treatment plants must operate. concurrently, a nutrient trading program must be developed, outlining the rules and mechanisms for buying and selling nutrient credits. this includes determining how credits are initially allocated, often based on historical discharges and regulatory benchmarks. the system must incorporate monitoring and reporting mechanisms, as well, to track nutrient discharges accurately. regulatory oversight plays a critical role in maintaining the integrity of the trading system, ensuring that environmental goals are met and water quality standards are upheld.

graphic from the soil and water outcomes fund showcasing the steps in a nutrient trading process.

cost-effectiveness & comparisons: nutrient trading vs. infrastructure development

an intriguing aspect of nutrient trading is its cost-effectiveness compared to traditional wastewater treatment options. a case study conducted by our experts revealed that a small town could achieve significant nutrient reduction at a much lower operational cost through nutrient trading than through expensive treatment plant upgrades. reducing nutrients at a wastewater treatment plant often requires costly and intensive treatment equipment, leading to high capital expenses. rather than investing extensively in such infrastructure, which can be financially burdensome for a city, especially considering the marginal reduction in nutrient levels per liter, a more practical alternative is exploring nutrient trading.

challenges & limitations of nutrient trading

while nutrient trading offers numerous benefits, some challenges can occur. one significant hurdle is the accurate measurement and verification of nutrient discharges, as the success of trading relies on precise data. they ensure transparency and prevent fraudulent activities in the trading market, demanding robust monitoring and reporting mechanisms and posing a technological and logistical challenge. additionally, establishing fair and equitable allocation methods for initial nutrient credits can be complex, as historical discharges and baseline calculations may not capture evolving environmental conditions. the effectiveness of nutrient trading hinges on active participation, necessitating stakeholder engagement and regulatory coordination, which can be time-consuming and challenging to orchestrate. addressing disparities in the capacity of different entities to participate in trading, particularly small businesses, may pose equity concerns. striking the right balance between economic interests and environmental protection is another ongoing challenge, as the program must incentivize reductions in nutrient discharges without compromising water quality goals.

despite these challenges, a well-designed and carefully managed nutrient trading program has the potential to offer innovative solutions to nutrient pollution while promoting economic efficiency and sustainability. this topic remains a promising and sustainable approach to addressing nutrient-related environmental issues. by fostering collaboration between cities, regulatory bodies, and farmers, nutrient trading provides a cost-effective alternative for nutrient reduction and promises long-term benefits for water quality and environmental health. as communities explore solutions to meet nutrient reduction goals, the professionals at snyder & associates can help guide this process and show how nutrient trading can be a viable and environmentally conscious option.

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uncontrolled stormwater runoff is a significant factor in the degradation of surface water quality and can lead to costly overflows that result in flooding and dangerous 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 health hazards. as urban development continues to surge, so do these associated issues. to address this growing problem, innovative strategies and technologies are being developed to both manage and monitor stormwater runoff more efficiently.

benefits of effective stormwater management

stormwater management is the 2022世界杯32强预选赛 , implementation, and maintenance of practices to control the changes in stormwater runoff caused by human actions. this operation is an essential part of environmental protection, as it helps to reduce the number of pollutants and sediment that can be carried away to local waterways. in the past, stormwater management was typically a secondary concern for municipal leaders, following water supply and wastewater management. in recent years, however, stormwater management efforts have grown as municipalities recognize the need and benefits of institutional stormwater programs. regulatory requirements often drive investments to deal with combined sewer overflows, pollution, flooding, and erosion in local streams and rivers. urban water planners hope to benefit from integrating management across water sectors for other municipalities. stormwater management is here to stay; no matter the driving cause, the snyder & associates team is here to help.

stormwater management in the transportation sector

stormwater management in transportation is especially vital in collecting and cleaning runoff. while streets, roads, and highways provide essential benefits in transporting goods, people, and services, they can become conduits for delivering pollutants into the water system. runoff from these surfaces can carry everything from heavy metals from car tires, brakes, and engine wear to hydrocarbons from engine lubricating fluids. if poor stormwater management practices exist, these pollutants can enter the aquatic environment and degrade the ecosystem. engineering design is key in diminishing these effects, with specific strategies tailored by location or project to incorporate best management practices (bmps). one of our stormwater experts, steve klocke, p.e., detailed several of our team’s most common practices and design strategies for transportation-related stormwater projects.

bioretention cells
a bioretention cell is a filtration or infiltration basin that uses vegetation, soils, and other natural materials to remove pollutants from stormwater runoff. these systems are an effective and attractive way to manage stormwater runoff that can be used in developed and undeveloped areas. there are many benefits to using bioretention cells, including improved water quality, reduced runoff, and improved aesthetics. however, one downfall of this practice is that routine maintenance is required to manage vegetation and clean debris from the cells. if proper action is not taken, backups can occur, resulting in an ineffective system.

the fourmile wetland was created to help removed stormwater from polk county’s largest watershed spanning 76,600 acres.

constructed stormwater wetlands
a constructed stormwater wetland is an engineered system capable of removing sediment, nutrients, and other pollutants from larger volumes of water while also providing stormwater detention. this stormwater management option offers a variety of benefits, including reducing flooding, improving water quality, and providing habitat for wildlife. as a manmade feature, constructed stormwater wetlands are created by excavating a basin with a mixture of shallow areas and deeper pools and planting native wetland plants. the basin is fed by a stormwater pipe or a natural waterway like a stream or creek. as concentrated stormwater rushes into the wetland, it spreads out, and the velocity drops as it slowly meanders its way through the wetland, allowing sediment to settle out and plants to filter out pollutants. during large storm events, the wetland provides temporary detention and storage for floodwater.

initial upkeep for these systems is focused on establishing the wetland vegetation for the first few years. future maintenance activities involve mowing side slopes several times a year, removing invasive species, monitoring sediment accumulation in the forebay and normal pool areas, and removing sediment as required. it is important to remain consistent in the upkeep of stormwater wetlands as an unmaintained constructed wetland may become an eyesore and nuisance to the community. with extreme neglect, a constructed wetland may stop filtering the rainwater entirely. this could allow trash and pollutants to enter local streams, causing flooding or safety concerns — and repair expenses may far exceed the cost of regular maintenance.

stormwater detention vaults were in place during jasper street construction in pleasantville, iowa.

detention vaults
providing stormwater detention for roadway runoff can be challenging, especially in an urban setting where right-of-way and utilities limit the available space. the most economical approach for stormwater detention is to acquire land adjacent to the roadway. when that option is not possible or practical, underground detention vaults may be utilized. various underground detention vaults (or chambers) are available, ranging from a single concrete box or a series of pipes to manufactured concrete chambers or modular plastic units. these structures can store large amounts of stormwater and slowly release it after the rain has passed, preventing uncontrolled runoff and protecting our waterways and infrastructure.

permeable paving
permeable paving is an increasingly popular choice for both residential and commercial applications. this type of paving allows water to pass through its surface, making it an ideal solution for parking lots, alleys, and low-volume roadways, as it will enable stormwater to be captured and treated while still allowing traffic flow. permeable pavers are widely used and available in various styles, colors, and performance levels. a porous asphalt pavement and permeable concrete are viable options in the appropriate setting. these pavements provide numerous benefits, including improved drainage, reduced runoff, groundwater recharge, and reduced ice and snow accumulation. although this can be a great alternative for parking lots, sidewalks, and driveways, permeable paving may require special considerations for use in high-traffic or high-speed areas as it can have a lower load-bearing capacity than conventional pavement types.

the parking lot of armstrong park is created of permeable pavers allowing stormwater to seep through.

mechanical separators
mechanical separators are a stormwater management technique typically used in urban areas to remove suspended sediments and trash, debris, and oil from stormwater. these include proprietary systems such as hydrodynamic or vortex separators, gravity separators, filtration systems, and simpler structures like storm intakes with a sump or insert to capture sediment. this option is particularly viable when space limitations prevent using other bmps as it is incorporated into a stormwater intake or located immediately adjacent to the intake. to treat the runoff, these systems put captured stormwater through screenings and churning to remove unwanted contaminants before releasing the cleaned stormwater. depending on the type and size of the structure, they can be costly and are typically used only in heavily urbanized areas where other practices are impractical.

selecting the right stormwater management system

every community is different, and every stormwater project has distinct needs. as a result, there is no one-size-fits-all solution when it comes to stormwater management. with so many different options on the market, it can be difficult to know where to start. our experts consider factors like available right-of-way space, current utilities in the area, desired level of treatment, and budget when determining which process or combination of processes would provide the best results. however, even with our years of practical knowledge and experience, all stormwater practices require some analysis or modeling to properly size and design. with this more precise data, our engineers can pinpoint capacity levels and provide the right-sized solutions to combat localized flooding and waterway degradation.

funding considerations drive project success

on the investment side, transportation stormwater management also requires thoughtful strategy. setting aside sufficient funding for stormwater management is key, as is finding ways to make up for funds if projects fall short of their financial goals. creative funding sources such as low-interest loans, grants, and credits can help finance these efforts while maintaining budgetary goals and deadlines. our team has decades of experience navigating the complex application process that often accompanies grant funding and may be able to help your community find the necessary funding to jumpstart your next project. ultimately, transportation stormwater management is a complex issue with multiple considerations. our civil engineers and transportation professionals continuously work to find innovative approaches to ensure that new construction and renovation projects have sustainability and stormwater infrastructure in mind.

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a massive storm causes a 100-year flood. the term “100-year” simplifies a flood that has just a 1% chance of occurring in a single year. mistakenly, many assume that experiencing such a flood means they are safe for the next 99 years. the probability of a 100-year flood remains constant at 1% each year. without preparation, these rainfall events can be devastating to a community. however, effective stormwater management and 2022世界杯32强预选赛 can mitigate the potential damage. in times of significant flooding, the flat areas adjacent to a river’s edges, referred to as the floodplain, play a crucial role. they act as a natural space that slows down and spreads dangerous floodwaters.

this process prevents the waters from inundating communities along the riverbanks, thereby preventing harm to people and property.  when properly handled, floodplains offer a wide array of advantages to both human society and the environment. these benefits range from shielding against floods to preserving water quality and providing habitats for wildlife. to ensure that floodplains remain resilient in the long term and that nearby developments are well-protected, the snyder & associates team dedicates their efforts to identifying and resolving potential concerns during the early stages of project development.

creating functional designs in a floodplain

snyder & associates studied the fourmile creek watershed to update the floodplain model, replacing outdated fema maps.

rivers and streams are continuously meandering and changing paths. setting aside room for this movement and the passage of significant flood events is a community’s best protection against flood damage. it is one of the most substantial routes to maintain an adequate floodplain. however, these areas are often in high demand for development. assessing flood risk and 2022世界杯32强预选赛 for functional floodplains requires a comprehensive understanding of the factors contributing to high water events. working with professionals like our environmental scientists and stormwater engineers can give businesses and communities the expertise to reduce susceptibility to future flood damage.

when dealing with projects in floodplains, the initial focus is on the project’s location in the floodway. although development within a floodway is feasible, it is intricate due to the requirement of not increasing water surface elevation during a 100-year storm event (base flood elevation or bfe). this entails navigating a time-consuming and expensive process with fema. understanding the development’s position relative to historical flood data and modeling guides us in assessing risk and determining the necessary permits.

for any floodplain development, any structure (including its basement) must be elevated at least one foot above the bfe – a standard that often necessitates more significant elevation in certain jurisdictions. this guideline is established to minimize flood-related damage and lower flood insurance premiums. furthermore, adhering to building codes mandates elevating mechanical and electrical systems to or above the bfe, and any construction materials used below the bfe must be flood damage resistant. while compliance with building codes ensures the safety of occupants, it might fall short in securing a facility’s sustained functionality post-flood. when devising plans for a facility located in a flood-prone area, our focus is on creating a design that fulfills permitting and code requirements while ensuring long-term viability in that location.

performance-based design approach

historically, building codes took a prescriptive approach, limiting options for compliance and hindering innovation. in contrast, our specialists adopt a performance-based design approach. this method evaluates how the entire building system, encompassing both landscaping and the actual structure, is expected to perform under conditions associated with potential hazards. from the outset of design discussions, we guide project decisions to ensure a resilient design aligned with city, state, and federal codes. in certain regions, the flood risk is deemed too significant for development. community green spaces, localized detention basins, and stormwater wetlands emerge as favorable alternatives. these spaces are purposefully designed to withstand flood events with minimal damage during substantial storms.

our team demonstrated this concept on the east side of des moines through the easton boulevard detention basin. this previously flood-prone area near leetown creekway was transformed into a stormwater detention basin with added park amenities like recreation trails, landscaping, benches, and lighting surrounding the basin. this basin now safeguards against up to 100-year storm events, boasting a maximum storage capacity of approximately 94.5 acre-feet while serving as a community greenspace for nearby neighborhoods. collaborating with floodplain assessment and 2022世界杯32强预选赛 experts allows communities to envision the potential within these seemingly challenging landscapes. while 2022世界杯32强预选赛 marks a crucial starting point, the subsequent development phase grapples with the intricate task of satisfying federal and local permitting regulations.

the role of 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 policy in floodplain development

council bluffs has initiated ten projects to recertify its entire levee system before the 2023 fema assessment. this is to protect residents from flooding and potentially higher insurance costs.

the federal emergency management agency’s (fema) national flood insurance program primarily determines how floodplains are developed. fema maintains an ongoing collection of flood maps that undergo updates to account for climate changes, like increased rainfall and intensified storms, as well as improved modeling methods and recent developments. these flood maps assist mortgage lenders in determining insurance necessities and empower communities to devise approaches for minimizing their risk.

however, while fema establishes a foundational framework for floodplain management, local governing bodies may impose extra or more stringent regulations regarding floodplain development. numerous states and communities throughout the country are enhancing flood mitigation cost-effectiveness by using regulations to steer development away from high-risk zones. in tandem, they are creating policies that optimize the returns on modest upfront government investments. stakeholder engagement is critical in a community’s policy decisions for flood prevention and mitigation efforts.

by engaging stakeholders, organizations can increase awareness of flood risks, facilitate collaboration and coordination, tap into local knowledge and expertise, implement effective strategies, and improve communication with the local community. by working together, stakeholders can help communities make informed decisions when adding development in the floodplain.

harnessing the power of the natural environment 

floodplains constitute a vital component of robust river systems that have been altered through levees, dikes, and other construction. while development often becomes necessary, it does not inherently have to harm the surrounding ecosystems. our team’s commitment to identifying and addressing floodplain issues at the outset of projects guarantees a harmonious coexistence between communities and floodplains. we recognize that the vitality of a floodplain extends beyond disaster prevention — it encompasses fostering a flourishing, equilibrium-rich ecosystem that enhances the well-being of everyone. contact our professionals today and let us help you explore ways to devise intelligent designs within your floodplain areas.

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most of the water treatment processes utilized by communities are designed to remove harmful chemicals and other contaminants from a raw water source. although these processes are equipped to remove naturally occurring elements, as well, many communities opt to leave fluoride in their water supply, with many adding or increasing quantities to help improve dental health.

history of fluoridation in drinking water

for decades, scientists have been actively working on maintaining beneficial levels of fluoride within community water supplies — a process that has been endorsed by the american dental association (ada), the american medical association (ama), the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc), the u.s. 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 health service (usphs), and the world health organization (who).

research has consistently shown that if the optimal level of 0.70mg/l is adhered to, fluoride in community water is safe and effective in preventing tooth decay.

investigation into the fluoridation process began in the 1940s when residents in several colorado communities were plagued by brown-stained teeth. it was discovered that high amounts of fluoride in drinking water supplies could be detrimental to tooth enamel. this led a dentist with the u.s. 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 health service to launch a study to determine how high the level of fluoride in drinking water could be before causing tooth damage.

an unexpected result of the study was the discovery that lower levels of fluoride had a positive effect on maintaining dental health. since that period, research has consistently shown that if the optimal level of 0.70mg/l is adhered to, fluoride in community water is safe and effective in preventing tooth decay and promoting strengthened enamel in both children and adults. according to the iowa department of 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 health, 89% of iowans currently have access to fluoridated drinking water, most through their community’s water treatment facility. the water experts at snyder & associates have assisted in designing and maintaining many of these systems and can provide several options for adding, reducing, or maintaining fluoridation levels in your system.

finetuning fluoride levels in the treatment process

as fluoride naturally exists in many water systems across the midwest, maintaining the proper levels for drinking water can be obtained through three different methods:

• combining different source waters to optimize fluoride levels
• removing excessive amounts of fluoride, otherwise known as defluoridation
• adding fluoride to drinking water systems that contain low levels

determining which process will work best for your community’s water system depends on the naturally occurring fluoride levels in your water source. if the source water naturally falls within the acceptable fluoride range, then no additional treatment is required beyond regular testing.

fluoride levels consistently register above the acceptable range

if fluoride levels consistently register above the acceptable range, defluoridation may be necessary. the different methods used for the removal of excess fluoride from water can be broadly classified into four basic types: precipitation technique, adsorption technique, ion-exchange technique, and/or reverse osmosis. determining which process will work cohesively with your current water treatment system will vary according to site-specific contaminants, mineral content, geography, and economic conditions. our team can evaluate every component of a water system to recommend the most cost-effective and efficient method to meet your fluoridation needs.

fluoride levels consistently register below the acceptable range

if a water system registers below the acceptable range or lacks fluoride completely, it can be added to bring levels into the acceptable range. this is typically done after the water has flowed through a municipality’s designated treatment process and just before distribution. the three key compounds used for the fluoridation of drinking water are hydrofluosilicic acid, sodium silicofluoride, and sodium fluoride. as the most used fluoridating compound, hydrofluosilicic acid is a liquid that can be diluted or fed directly into the raw water. hydrofluosilicic acid, also known as fluorosilicic acid, hexafluorosilicic acid, and silicofluoric acid, is a common choice in many water treatment plants due to its low cost and ease of addition into a system.

however, since it is a liquid and heavier than the other fluoridation compounds, shipping costs can be higher than other compounds. the other two frequently used fluoridation compounds are dry powders. sodium silicofluoride, also known as sodium fluorosilicate, is challenging to use due to its limited solubility. the other powder option is sodium fluoride. this compound is typically easier to feed than the previously mentioned compounds due to its ability to easily dissolve in water. again, our team can make the proper compound recommendation based on the system in place in your community

financial assistance for fluoridation upgrades

as with all water treatment methods, there are additional costs associated with achieving the proper fluoridation levels. due to the acidic nature of the necessary compounds in their raw state, a designated storage space is required to provide proper ventilation and separation from other additives used in the treatment process. additionally, the lifespan of the feed equipment is often shorter than others. however, it’s been noted that in terms of economic impacts, community water fluoridation offers a high return on investment. it reduces the lost productivity and other costs associated with time spent away from work or school to attend dental appointments beyond regular checkups. and for communities in iowa, the delta dental of iowa foundation has made funding opportunities available for updating and installing fluoride equipment.

aiding in 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 health achievements

named one of the greatest 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 health achievements of the 20^th century by the cdc, drinking water fluoridation provides americans with improved tooth enamel, cavity protection, and other dental health benefits simply by drinking water. the team at snyder & associates is proud to do our part in creating and maintaining the systems that help make this achievement possible. if your community is looking to add fluoridation to the water treatment process, or simply needs a dependable group to discuss your options, our experts stand ready to help.

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with many communities nationwide experiencing steady or robust expansion, thousands of miles of new water distribution pipes are installed yearly. this is in addition to the hundreds of thousands of miles of existing water distribution pipes. municipalities depend on these winding, interconnected networks to deliver consumers an uninterrupted supply of high-quality, pressurized, potable water. they also provide water for practices such as fire suppression and landscape irrigation. because distribution systems represent the physical bulk of the water supply infrastructure, they’re also the primary challenge from an operational and 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 health standpoint. when problems arise within a system, higher costs and inefficient service are often the result. an in-depth water system study can generally identify distribution system deficiencies and any necessary infrastructure modifications. using these studies as a foundation, the water experts at snyder & associates work closely with client communities to develop distribution system models and detailed designs that ultimately help the community maintain the quality and safety of their drinking water.

essential elements of a water distribution system

beyond the water pipes, an entire distribution system consists of pumps, valves, storage facilities, and other hydraulic equipment that connects drinking water treatment plants to the consumer’s tap. each of these components plays a critical role in efficient water transfer. the pipes that carry water from the treatment plant (or the source in the absence of a treatment facility) to the consumer are often categorized from largest to smallest: transmission (or trunk), distribution, and service lines. as water flows through the pipes, the pressure fluctuates depending on the surrounding topography and elevations. the higher the elevation, the more effort it takes to move the water, often necessitating the installation of a booster pumping station. the pumps add pressure to the system, pushing the water to a higher elevation, such as to the top of a hill or into a water storage tower.

water distribution systems are constructed to provide sufficient water pressure to all customers. if left unchecked, however, the customers closest to the top of the hill would receive lower pressures, and those at the bottom would experience higher pressure. to maintain consistency, valves are used to control flows and pressure within the system. they’re also used to isolate sections for maintenance and repair. spacing for valves depends on the size and prioritization of a pipe. in urban distribution systems, valves are typically positioned about a block apart. this spacing is adequate to maintain the proper pressure and allows maintenance crews to isolate one segment at a time for repairs. in rural areas, valves can be farther apart due to a considerable distance between service lines.

finally, most communities also need a water storage facility. elevated tanks are the most frequently used, but in-ground tanks and open or closed reservoirs are also options. these tanks and reservoirs provide storage capacity to meet fluctuations in demand, reserve an adequate supply for firefighting and emergency needs, and stabilize pressures within the distribution system. to successfully move water through a community, pipes must carry adequate amounts of water, pumps must create flow and provide pressure, valves must open and close properly, and storage structures must hold and maintain the water. all these elements must work together from beginning to end to create a fully functioning water distribution system. however, one more piece to this infrastructure puzzle is how all these distribution elements are configured.

major pipe distribution network configurations

in many legacy distribution systems, pipes and other utilities are commonly buried underground. the design of these networks depends on the specific topography and the street layout in each community. when 2022世界杯32强预选赛 expansions or renovations, however, municipalities have multiple configuration options, but the two most commonly used designs are the grid/looped and branch systems.

grid/looped configuration
a grid or looped system consisting of connected pipe loops throughout the served area is the most widely used configuration in large municipalities. in this system, there are numerous pathways that water can follow from the source to the consumer. by keeping water moving, the looping pattern reduces innumerable issues associated with water stagnation and increases firefighting capacity. however, dead ends can still be created, especially in suburban areas with numerous cul-de-sacs. water quality problems can arise, and frequent system flushing is required.

branch configuration
a branched system is similar in appearance to a tree, where smaller pipes divide off from larger trunks throughout the service area. this system is standard in older communities and cities without a definite pattern of roads. with pipes descending in size, a branch format restricts the water flow to follow only one pathway from the source to the consumer. because of this limitation, the further down the line water travels, the lower the pressure. to mitigate this, sporadic pumping stations are required across the network to add pressure and get the water to the end of the line.

additionally, as the pressure in the system drops, the flow volume is reduced, causing limited firefighting ability. the components of every water distribution system are selected considering the pressure requirements, overall system length, potential growth areas, staff time commitment for operation and maintenance, and desired fire protection. whether you’re in an expanding community or an older area needing renovations, our team of experts can examine your infrastructure needs to help you determine which system is appropriate for your community.

common water distribution system failures

understanding the root cause of standard pipe and distribution network issues allows communities to correct minor problems before they become major concerns. internal and external factors can affect overall flow efficiency and reduce water quality, violating set water quality regulations and standards and creating potential 世界杯足球比赛预选赛 health risks. our experts most commonly encounter this listing of distribution system issues during condition assessments.

stagnancy
in systems with minimal movement or aeration, stagnant water becomes a prime breeding ground for biofilms to begin coating pipes and storage facilities. left unmanaged, bacteria will grow and flourish in these biofilms, creating ideal conditions for dangerous diseases and pathogens to grow. one sign of stagnancy is the loss of chlorine residuals and the inability to maintain sufficient levels.

cross connections
a cross connection is where non-potable water or contaminants may enter the treated water. this external contamination can enter a distribution system through submerged plumbing fixtures, creating water pressure at the pipe’s exit. pressure moves water, and if the pressure of the contaminated water is greater than the potable water system, the water flow is temporarily reversed, allowing contamination to enter the system.

corrosion
noted as one of the most common problems affecting community water supplies, the chemical processes experienced during corrosion slowly dissolve metal, causing systems to deteriorate and fail. signs of system corrosion include a pattern of water main breaks on metallic pipes such as cast iron and ductile iron (breaks are much less frequent on plastic pipes). areas with brass, lead, copper pipes, or soldered connections at fixtures are particularly at risk of corrosion.

water main breaks
as the backbone of a city’s interconnected water system, water main breaks can cause significant service outages and water contamination. corroded pipes and quick changes in system pressure, extreme temperature changes, construction incidents, or age can cause these ruptures. during a water main break, strategically located valves are critical to isolate the break, prevent contamination within the pipe, and maintain service to areas outside of the break area. a lack of valves can cause a complete system shutdown and temporary boil orders until testing deems the water safe again.

long-term water supply distribution viability & replacement needs

the need for upgrades in the nation’s vast water supply systems has never been greater. in a 2018 inspection and subsequent report, the u.s. environmental protection agency (epa) found that drinking water infrastructure would require nearly $500 billion in maintenance and improvements over the next 20 years. while substantial, this figure does not include the added cost of lead service line replacements for systems installed before 1988.

as of august 2022, lead and copper rule revisions (lcrr) require water system operators to create and maintain an inventory of service line materials by october 2024. to manage the high cost of maintaining regulatory compliance, utilities must engage in regular and proactive infrastructure assessments, maintenance, and replacement programs to avoid frequent system failures and forced compliance issued by regulatory agencies.

snyder & associates’ role in distribution system updates

our seasoned water infrastructure team can assist communities in big projects, such as 2022世界杯32强预选赛 for significant expansion and growth of their water systems and systematic improvements, or help with smaller, individualized pipe assessments and repair recommendations. when tackling these projects, our first step is creating a preliminary engineering report. multiple research efforts are conducted to ensure this document clearly shows the needs of a community’s distribution system. these include reviewing maps of current systems, discussing known issues with city operators, and reviewing department of natural resources (dnr) safety reports and monthly operating reports to see daily water usage, chemical feed rates, and levels of known contaminants. additional testing is usually recommended to identify contaminants that are not being tested or treated to ensure a complete picture of the system.

our experts then use the information collected in their engineering report to recommend options ranging from minor adjustments to major improvement projects. we will work side by side to identify and secure available funding options and ensure the necessary steps are taken to finalize a successful water distribution project that can serve your community for many generations.

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